Marine park · Victoria
Twelve Apostles Marine National Park
Facts about this park from CAPAD 2024 and the world data on Biohotspot. Each figure is computed from the dataset named beside it; a figure that is missing or fails a check is left out.
- Area
- 75.0 km²
- IUCN category Ia
- 0.0 %
- Gazetted
- 2002
- Open layers with data
- 309
The park
- Twelve Apostles covers 75.0 km².CAPAD 2024 · CC BY 4.0
- CAPAD 2024 holds 2 records for this park.CAPAD 2024 · CC BY 4.0
- None of the park is in zones of IUCN category Ia, strict nature reserve.CAPAD 2024 · CC BY 4.0
- CAPAD lists it as Marine National Park.CAPAD 2024 · CC BY 4.0
- Its managing authority in CAPAD is VIC_DEECA.CAPAD 2024 · CC BY 4.0
- It was gazetted in 2002 (CAPAD gazettal date).CAPAD 2024 · CC BY 4.0
| IUCN category | km² | Share |
|---|---|---|
| II | 75.0 | 100.0 % |
Habitats and blue carbon
- Global Mangrove Watch maps no mangroves inside the park in 2020.Global Mangrove Watch v3 · CC BY
- The modelled kelp forest biome covers 7,234 ha of the park.Jayathilake & Costello 2020 · CC BY 4.0
Pressures
- Of the years 1985 to 2025, 2016 brought the most coral heat stress: averaged over the park, the year's highest Degree Heating Weeks reached 13.7 °C-weeks. NOAA counts 4 °C-weeks as bleaching likely and 8 as severe bleaching and mortality likely.NOAA Coral Reef Watch · Public domain
- The 2013 cumulative human impact score (Halpern et al. 2015) averages 2.86 across the park, from 2.32 to 3.17.Halpern et al. 2015 · CC0 1.0
Data and research
- 309 of the 1,475 world map layers on Biohotspot with an open licence have data inside the park.
- No document in the Biohotspot research library matches the search “Twelve Apostles”.
Sources and licences
- NOAA Coral Reef Watch, daily global 5 km satellite Degree Heating Week (v3.1), annual maxima 1985–2025 · NOAA Coral Reef WatchLicence: Public domain (US Government work)NOAA Coral Reef Watch. 2018, updated daily. NOAA Coral Reef Watch Version 3.1 Daily 5km Satellite Regional Virtual Station Time Series Data. College Park, Maryland, USA.
- Cumulative human impacts: pressure and cumulative impacts data (2013, all pressures) · Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity (KNB)Licence: CC0 1.0Halpern, B., Frazier, M., Potapenko, J., Casey, K., Koenig, K., Longo, C., Lowndes, J., Rockwood, C., Selig, E., Selkoe, K., Walbridge, S. (2015) Cumulative human impacts: pressure and cumulative impacts data (2013, all pressures). KNB. doi:10.5063/F15718ZN. Associated paper: Halpern et al. 2015, 'Spatial and temporal changes in cumulative human impacts on the world's ocean' (no formal citation string given in the metadata).
- Modelled Global Distribution of the Kelp Biome · UNEP-WCMC Ocean Data Viewer (hosting); University of Auckland / Nord University authorsLicence: CC BY 4.0Jayathilake D.R.M., Costello M.J. 2020. A modelled global distribution of the kelp biome. Biological Conservation 252, 108815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108815 (v2: Jayathilake & Costello 2021, Biological Conservation, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109099)
- Global Mangrove Watch (GMW) · UNEP-WCMC / ZenodoLicence: CC BY (UNEP WESR catalogue entry); not stated on the UNEP-WCMC resources page or the Zenodo v3 pageBunting, P.; Rosenqvist, A.; Hilarides, L.; Lucas, R.M.; Thomas, T.; Tadono, T.; Worthington, T.A.; Spalding, M.; Murray, N.J.; Rebelo, L-M. Global Mangrove Extent Change 1996 - 2020: Global Mangrove Watch Version 3.0. Remote Sensing. 2022.
- Collaborative Australian Protected Areas Database (CAPAD) 2024 – Marine · Australian Government, DCCEEWLicence: CC BY 4.0Australian Government Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water (2025). Collaborative Australian Protected Areas Database (CAPAD) 2024 – Marine.
A park here is the CAPAD 2024 Marine zones that share a name and a state. Habitat areas are the habitat maps’ polygons inside the park; carbon, heat stress and human impact are the map cells that touch it. Only sources with an open licence are used. Computed on 2026-10-27.